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            "@value": "The purposes of this research are: 1) to identify the needs and components of  digital whiteboard integration in Business Negotiation teaching, 2) to develop and pilot   a digital whiteboard-supported Teaching Debate Model, and 3) to evaluate the  effectiveness of the model through an experimental and control group comparison.\nThe population of this research included 320 undergraduate students across four  academic years and five instructors at Siam University. The sample group was selected  through stratified random sampling, with 175 students participating in the Phase 1  needs assessment, 25 students in the Phase 2 pilot study, and 100 students (50 in the  experimental group and 50 in the control group) in the Phase 3 evaluation. The main  research instruments include questionnaires, interview guides, observation forms, test  papers, and digital whiteboard log analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative methods  were employed, and statistical tools used for analysis included percentage, mean,  standard deviation, t-test, factor analysis, and thematic analysis.\n\nThe results were found that: Firstly, Students and instructors reported strong  needs and expectations for digital whiteboard integration, and factor analysis  confirmed two main components of need, namely perceived engagement and   instructional potential, and digital confidence and readiness. Secondly, The digital \nwhiteboard-supported Teaching Debate Model was developed based on Constructivist  Learning Theory and refined through pilot testing. The finalized model included an  orientation workshop, segmented whiteboard tasks, instructor moderator tools, and peer evaluation prompts, ensuring pedagogical soundness and practical feasibility.\nThirdly, The evaluation in Phase 3 confirmed that the experimental group significantly  outperformed the control group in post-test scores (M = 79.84, SD = 6.81 vs.  M = 71.18, SD = 7.65, p < 0.001). Qualitative feedback further highlighted improved  participation, argument structuring, and confidence in debate performance. These\nfindings confirm that the digital whiteboard-supported Teaching Debate Model is  effective, innovative, and scalable for enhancing Business Negotiation education.  \n\nKeywords: Digital whiteboard, Teaching Debate Model, Business Negotiation, Undergraduate students"
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